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Examples of the variety of apertures and edges found in the flute family: (a)–(d) end-blown flutes: (a) plain rim-blown (e.g. ney, Middle East), (b) obliquely cut rim-blown (e.g. umtshingo, Swazi people, South Africa), (c) cupped rim-blown (e.g. skuduc̆ia
Examples of the variety of apertures and edges found in the flute family: (a)–(d) end-blown flutes: (a) plain rim-blown (e.g. ney, Middle East), (b) obliquely cut rim-blown (e.g. umtshingo, Swazi people, South Africa), (c) cupped rim-blown (e.g. skuduc̆iai, Lithuania), (d) notched (e.g. mlele, Kenya); (e) vessel flute (e.g. shiwaya, South Africa); (f) vessel flute with duct (e.g. ocarina); (g) transverse (side-blown) (e.g. Western orchestral flute); (h)–(j) end-blown duct, or fipple flutes: (h) duct formed by ring of tied rattan (e.g. suling, Indonesia), (i) duct formed by internal plug (e.g. recorder), (j) duct formed by tied-on block of wood (e.g. Apache flute, North America); (k) flue pipe of an organ
