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date: 12 May 2025

Vocal and instrumental gongche notations: (a) from Jiugong dacheng nanbeici gongpu (1746), a vast manual containing lyrics and gongche notation for 4466 arias; the text occupies the main vertical columns (read top to bottom, from left to right), with gonglocked

Vocal and instrumental gongche notations: (a) from Jiugong dacheng nanbeici gongpu (1746), a vast manual containing lyrics and gongche notation for 4466 arias; the text occupies the main vertical columns (read top to bottom, from left to right), with gonglocked

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