We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time.
Find out more
Jump to Content
Menu
User Account
Personal Profile
About
Tools and Resources
Subscribe
Customer Services
Oxford Music Online
Grove Music Online
Advanced search
Browse
Topic
Audio Engineering
Compositional Practice and Technique
Conducting Methods and Techniques
Ecocriticism and Ecomusicology
Ethnomusicology
Music Business, Institutions and Organizations
Music Criticism and Journalism
Music Education and Pedagogy
Music Theory and Analysis
Music and Law
Music and Medicine
Musical Concepts, Genres, and Terms
Musical Sources and Bibliographies
Musical Works
Musicology and Music History
Organology
Peoples and Music Cultures
Performance Practice
Philosophy of Music
Reception History
Sound Studies
Voice
Browse All
Instrument
Aerophones (Blown Instruments)
Chordophones (Stringed Instruments)
Corporeal Techniques (Body Sounds)
Electronic Instruments
Idiophones (Instrument Body Percussion)
Keyboard Instruments
Membranophones (Stretched Membrane Percussion)
Browse All
Era
Pre- and Early Medieval (before 800)
Medieval (800-1400)
15th c./Early Renaissance (1400-1500)
16th c./High Renaissance (1500-1600)
17th c./Early to mid-Baroque (1600-1700)
Early 18th c./Late Baroque (1700-1750)
Late 18th c./Classical (1750-1800)
19th c. /Romantic (1800-1900)
20th c. (1900-2000)
21st c. (2000-present)
Browse All
Region
Africa
Antarctic region
Asia
Europe
Oceania
The Americas
Browse All
Place Type
Building/Structure
City
Country
Region
Site
State
Browse All
Occupation
Artist
Choreographer
Collector or Curator
Composer or Arranger
Critic or Journalist
Donor or Patron
Instrument Maker
Librarian or Archivist
Librettist or Lyricist
Music Educator
Music Manager or Administrator
Music Technologist or Audio Engineer
Performer
Publisher or Editor
Religious or Ritual Musician
Scholar
Scribe or Copyist
Stage Designer
Stage Director
Browse All
Close
Highlight search term
Cite
Bookmark
Share
Facebook
LinkedIn
Twitter
Email
Share Link
Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend
Email
or copy the link directly:
https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-1002252060?p=emailA/hipwGyaOrGU&d=/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-1002252060
The link was not copied. Your current browser may not support copying via this button.
Link copied successfully
Copy link
Sign in
Article Navigation
Sign in
You could not be signed in, please check and try again.
Username
Please enter your Username
Password
Please enter your Password
Forgot password?
Don't have an account?
Sign in via your Institution
You could not be signed in, please check and try again.
Sign in with your library card
Please enter your library card number
Search within...
Article contents
Bibliography
More on this topic
Abbreviations
Show Summary Details
Article
Images
Jessye Norman.
Jessye Norman.
Laurie Lewis/Lebrecht Music and Arts
[35.171.45.182]
35.171.45.182
Sign in to annotate
Close
Edit Annotation
Character limit
500
/500
Delete
Cancel
Save
@!
Character limit
500
/500
Close
Save
E. Southern: Biographical Dictionary of Afro-American and African Musicians
Opera News